Azimuthal Quantum Number Definition

Definition: The azimuthal quantum number, â„“, is the quantum number associated with the angular momentum of an atomic electron. The angular momentum quantum number determines the shape of the electrons orbital. Also Known As: angular momentum quantum number, second quantum number Examples: A p orbital is associated with an azimuthal quantum number equal to 1.

Essay about André Bazin Film Critic Extraordinaire

As time evolved so did the means of replicating reality. As far back as cave drawings, humans have tried to make sense of their surroundings through artificial means. We can go through time and see this process evolve from engraving, to painting, to photography, and to its most convincing form to date: cinema. In the task of duplicating reality cinema has surpassed all other forms of representation. Looking at the other means which are mentioned above we see cinema is the first mean that is able to capture movement, and nowadays even sound. Andrà © Bazin may well be the most influential critic ever to have written about this process. As †¦. States: â€Å"Bazin envisions each rung on cinemas evolutionary ladder as a step toward a more realistic†¦show more content†¦Interestingly enough, this system has come to be considered the classic Hollywood method. By the 1940s, however, particularly with the development of such democratizing tools as deep focus photography which eliminated the need for montage, and moved editing toward realism once more. Editing styles became more or less standardized. Cinema reached a point of classical perfection where content fused with form and the next evolutionary advancement, if there was to be one, would not be propelled by a technical matter but a thematic one: the subject matter and the effect it imposed on technical/formal aspect (†¦). This cinematic progress is in perfect accordance with Bazins notion of the cinema moving toward the myth of total cinema. The movement from the silent area into sound was an important one in the creation of realism. Bazin however, emphasizes the role of visuals more so than sound. Bazin understands that Cinema can never be completely the same as the actual viewing process. He realizes that the human eye does not perceive a scene in the same way as a camera recording a scene in depth of field and/or long take. However, Bazin states that editing is the mediator between the two making the process of viewing a film physiological: â€Å"Logical cutting according to drama, narrative, and anticipation constructs a sense of an integral space. The master shot establishes a location so that the cutting to points within

Positioning and Differentation Free Essays

The positioning and differentiation strategies of two nearby hospitals, St. Francis Hospital located in Roslyn, New York and the Schneider Children’s Hospital in New Hyde Park, New York will be discussed in this article. These two institutions are located in Long Island, New York and are approximately 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Positioning and Differentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 miles apart from each other, servicing the nearby counties of Queens, Nassau and Suffolk.These renowned facilities are recognized for their specialty services throughout New York as well as the United States. The intent of this article is to examine the positioning and differentiation marketing strategies of these hospitals; how they have created and established a unique, identifiable image of their products and services (Positioning) and how their services differ from other institutions, and each other, to influence the consumer’s perception and preference (Differentiation). Saint Francis Hospital: The Heart CenterFounded by the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in 1922, St. Francis Hospital is a full-service, 279-bed, nonprofit facility, located in the affluent area of Roslyn, New York. St. Francis is the only hospital in New York designated as a cardiac center (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, 2007). The institution declares to offer one of the leading cardiac care programs in the country, providing such services as cardiac surgery, catheterization, angioplasty and the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center).According to the New State Department of Health, the hospital has performed the highest caseload of cardiac surgery and catheterizations in the state with mortality rates significantly below the statewide average (New York State Department of Health, 2004, p. 14). The organization is very proud of these achievements and has announced its position in various advertisements found on local television, radio stations, community newsletters and a regional major newspaper across Long Island. The reputation of excellence, low mortality and using highly-advanced technology has been an excellent marketing trategy when differentiating this institution amongst local hospitals that perform the same procedures. The hospital also promotes that nearly all of its cases of isolated heart valve repair are carry out by a minimally invasive approach (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center). Besides being acclaimed for cardiac surgery for all ages, the hospital is also offers full-service healthcare to its surrounding communities. The hospital treats patients in over two dozen different departments, including emergency services.The hospital was also rated one of the safest hospitals in the nation and ranked number 2 in New York State (HealthGrades, 2009). These ideal characteristics of the facility are found in all their promotional advertisement throughout the Long Island region. These ideal attributes positions their services to create a perception of uniqueness and high quality to patients, especially cardiac patients. Saint Francis Hospital has sparked an appeal to many because of these model techniques and statistics; most cardiac patients prefer to be treated at this facility.This differentiation strategy has been a successful venture; it has made the hospital the number one choice for cardiac care in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk among the 4 surrounding hospitals providing similar services (Best Hospitals, 2008). Schneider Children’s Hospital The second hospital of discussion is the Schneider Children’s Hospital (SCH); this institution is a 154 bed tertiary hospital located in New Hyde Park, New York and is part of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health Care System. The hospital is committed to the complete care of children, from premature infants to adolescence.Since its inception in 1983, the hospital has provided outpatient medical service to over 162,000 children. The hospital treats a vast variety of diseases such as epilepsy, cancer, cardiac, and cystic fibrosis. Sp ecial services are provided for Lyme disease, the deaf, food allergies, immunology, human genetics, cardiac surgery, emergency and trauma. The facility proclaims to be â€Å"a destination hospital for children across the United States and around the world† (Schneider Children’s Hospital, n. d. , para. 1). SCH is the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children.It has prided itself on being named one of America’s best children’s hospitals for two years in a row by the U. S. News and World Report (Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics, 2009). These rankings are based on good community standing, patient outcomes and care-related issues as patient volume, nursing care, advanced technology and recognition by outside organizations. The hospital has several consultation centers throughout Long Island and New York City to offer specialized healthcare to children right in their own community.The Centers provide specialized services for a broad range of medical conditions such as heart disease, neurological disorders, cancer, Lyme disease, growth deficiencies, and other childhood illnesses. The main marketing strategy to attract it target audience is through a community newsletter, its participation in community events and sponsorships, a pediatric mobile unit for the uninsured, television, radio and newspaper advertisements. The institution asserts that it provides the only pediatric emergency department with 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout Long Island.The hospital publicizes its emergency department as a Level 1 pediatric trauma center with a team of pediatric emergency physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologist and trauma nurses (Schneider Children’s Hospital); these distinctive healthcare services, along with a strong marketing and public relations department has persuaded many consumers’ perceptions and preferences for such services. Another service worth mentioning is that of its cardiac surgery division; SCH advertises that it has been recognized as one of the largest volume pediatric cardiac programs in New York State and the largest in Long Island.The hospital provides extensive experience with an entire range of congenital and acquired heart diseases in children and adolescence. The institution claims to be the only hospital on Long Island with the ability to provide extracorporeal membrane support for the support of certain high-risk pediatric cardiac patients. The image of having such technological advance equipment as well as the expertise for such procedures, positions SCH with high attributes as an advanced hospital for pediatric cardiac programs. The Similarities and Differences of the Organizations The similarities and differences between St.Francis Hospital and Schneider Children’s Hospital are quite evident; similarly each hospital treats children, pediatric cardiac procedures and pediatric emergency medicine; both are tertiary and trauma centers. The differences are also obvious; SCH only treats pediatrics and overall provides more pediatric specialty services than St. Francis Hospital. Saint Francis treats adults with congenital heart disease, besides children with such defects. SCH is the only facility that can provide extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk pediatric cardiac patients.These differences in the specific specialties allow these hospitals to coexist and maintain their own market niche or unique identities. By means of strategic positioning, St. Francis has been branded as â€Å"The Heart Center† of the region. This image of the institution has been successfully established in the minds of the consumer. The message has been driven by both the victorious marketing strategy of the hospital along with patient and physician word-of-mouth and free publicity by the media when success stories come to pass; the well planned-out marketing of St.Francis’ technological advances in cardiac surgery differentiate it from the competitors. When consumers or patients perceive the difference between this hospital and another tertiary care center, the preference of the consumer is due to the differences in quality, service and status. The same holds true for Schneider Children’s Hospital; their positioning strategy is clear through their mission statement expressed throughout their newsletters and ads, and states that they are dedicated to providing the highest level of care that speak to the special needs of children; from premature babies to adolescents.They also communicate to be a prominent hospital for children across the United States and around the world (Schneider Childrenâ€⠄¢s Hospital, n. d. ). SCH differentiates itself from the rest by being the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children and provides a pediatric emergency department with the only 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout the region. Borna and Chapman noted (1993) consumer perceptions is the common underlying concept of both product differentiation and positioning.The positioning declaration must express how ones organization differs from the competition and this must be filled in the clients mind. The attributes of the above hospitals are viewed as different and unique and are highly valued by the community and its consumers. Their services offer a benefit considerable enough that stands out in the minds of the end user; this uniqueness is characterized by criteria such as quality, a high level of service, convenience, reputation and high technology.References Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics (2009). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. snews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQPEDS/state+NY/metro_area+/name+/sort+/page_number+1/page_size+10 Best Hospitals: Heart and Heart Surgery. (2008). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQCARD/state+/page_number+1/page_size+10/sort+/name+/metro_area+Nassau-Suffolk/zip+/distance+/detail+more Borna, S. , Chapman, J. (1993). Product Differentiation and Positioning: Confused Concepts. American Journal of Business, 8 (1), 51-56. HealthGrades (2009). Patient Safety. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. healthgrades. om/consumer/index. cfm? fuseaction=modmodtype=hospitalsmodact=hospitals_search_resultsprodtype=hospratstate=NYcity=maparea=proc=tabset=psa New York State Department of Health (2004). Adult Cardiac Surgery in New York State [White paper]. Retrieved from New York State Department of Health: http://www. health. state. ny. us/nysdoh Schneider Children’s Hospital (n. d. ). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. schneiderchildrenshospital. org/ St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center (2007). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. stfrancisheartcenter. com/chsli/sfh/live/utility/about. html How to cite Positioning and Differentation, Papers

EDUC60452 Research Methods II Data analysis †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the EDUC60452 Research Methods Data analysis . Answer: Framing the Analysis/Introduction In the present study the researcher has emphasized upon analyzing the ways in which the children in school experience the educational policies particularly the policies around uniform and behavior. This is mainly because; it has been observed that the policies in schools around uniform and behavior makes a significant impact on children in a different manner. Thus, the study aims at exploring the ways in which children policies in school and identifies the reasons for the same. On the basis of the research aim, the research question that has been chosen for the study is: In what ways do policies impact on young people? Analytical methods Taking into consideration the research aim and the research question, the researcher has emphasized upon conducting two focus group interviews. As per the studies conducted by Draper, (2007), focus group interview is a technique that facilitates the researcher in conducting an in-depth group interviews where the participants are selected mainly because they are purposive even though not necessarily representative. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study has conducted a focus group interview with the year 9 and 10 focus group between the age group of 13 15 years of the Kingswood Academy and Year 8 Focus Group between the age group of 12 13 years of the Kingwood Academy. The participants for the interviews was selected on the basis of the criterion that they had something to say on the topic that been undertaken for the study and lie within the age group range that has been fixed by the researcher and are characterized with similar socio-characteristics and are comfortable in putting forward their point of views to the interviewer and each other (Hennink et al., 2010). Another major reason for conducting the focus group interview was to collect relevant information from wide range of individuals who have been selected because of the fact that they have relevant knowledge and understanding of the study area (Taylor et al., 2015). Another major benefit of the chosen methodology was that it helped in achieving group dynamics and so the type and range of data that was generated through the social interaction of the group facilitated with deeper and richer information than that obtained with the help of the face to face interviews. The researcher emphasized upon adopting the qualitative analysis method of thematic analysis for analyzing the findings of the focus group interview with children within the age group of 12 13 and 13 15 years. The advantage of qualitative analysis lies in the systematic nature of analysis in addition to the coding to the analyzed as per the frequency. Both the focus group interviews were read carefully by the researcher and the data was coded in various themes that were deemed appropriate for the available interview data. In order to maintain the transparency in the qualitative research analysis, the researcher emphasized upon adopting set procedures (Service, 2009). The researcher in this context read through each of the responses and the focus group interviews separately without any preconceived ideas of themes. This helped the researcher in ensuring the fact that the conclusions that are reached are valid and trustworthy. Moreover, the researcher treated each of the interview tr anscripts with an open mind that allowed the analysis to be consistent. While carefully reading the each of the transcripts, the researcher noted the key areas of discussion and also highlighted the same to enable cross referencing with the other interview data (Ritchie et al., 2013). The first interview as coded through different colours for highlighting the different ideas and themes and the original coding was then carried through to the other focus group interview transcript and additional themes were also added as required. Moreover while determining the codes, the researcher emphasized upon using the words that were mentioned in the interview. The researcher while reading through the interview data came across themes that appeared naturally to be mutually exclusive and in this context, it has been put forward by Denzin Lincoln, (2011) that it is a desired outcome when analyzing the quantitative data. While taking the decision regarding excluding some data, the researcher emphasized upon focusing upon the research question and thus any data that was felt not relevant to the research question was excluded from the analysis. Thus the coding and themes can be presented as follows: Themes and coding from Focus Group Interview 12- 1 3 years Purpose to come to school Purpose of off-the track learning Quality of teaching Opinions about exams and testing Independence Stereotyping Importance of primary school education Involvement of parents Need for good education Themes and coding from Focus Group Interview 13- 1 5 years in addition to the above themes Engagement of principal with the students Student engagement School uniform Strictness regarding school uniform Behavior problems Equal treatment Difference between girls and boys Report on Findings from the Analysis The researcher in the present study has emphasized upon analyzing the ways in which the children in school experience the educational policies particularly the policies around uniform and behavior band thus has tried to find the answer to the research question: In what ways do policies impact on young people? The analysis has been based upon the thematic map presented below: From the analysis of the responses collected from focus group interview on the basis of the themes as illustrated in the above table taking into consideration the research aim and research question, it is observed that the students of Kingswood face various difficulties due to the policies of the school. As from the responses in context to quality, it is observed that the eagerness and motivation on the part of the students to learn depends upon the fact whether they like the teacher or not and this is evident from the fact where a student responded as: Moreover, it is also observed that the students complain about the fact that the naughty people are given more attention and more rewards in comparison to the students who are good at all times together with putting forward the fact that popular students are given more opportunities . So, from the above aspects it can be said these aspects are de-motivating factor for the students since the policy of the school should be such where the students are treated fairly without any biasness and should be facilitated with equal opportunities to learn. However, the response of the students between the age group of 13 15 years revealed that the quality of teaching at Kingswood is good and the teachers are friendly in nature and they treat the students as young adults and they try to be friendly that makes the learning a good experience. In context to stereotyping, the responses of the students within the age group of 12 13 years revealed that the teachers practice a lot of stereotyping and if a student commits a mistake, he is always blamed for the same. Thus, in this context the policy should be such where the students should be facilitated with opportunities to prove himself or herself as a better rather being stereotype. The group of students between 13 15 years also responded that if they hang out with students who are constantly getting in trouble then the teachers look upon the other who is hanging out with them as the same. So these aspects prevent the students to mix and communicate with the all in an equal manner since it is the teachers who are categorizing the students and not treating them fairly. In context to the school uniform policies, the student within the age group of 13 15 years responded that the school is strict that cause huge expenses on their part and even the uniforms are not comfortable. However some responded that the uniform is emphasized upon for a professional approach and look good. So, in this context, it can be said that the policies should be such where the opinions of the students should be taken while deciding upon the uniform. It is also observed from the responses of both the group of students that the policies of the school is not strict regarding the behavior of the students like at times the students are bullied, racism is also practised, there exist problems of rudeness, attitude lateness and most specifically drug abuse like weed consumption, verbal abuse and arguing and the involvement of school is less in these cases. Thus it can be said that the policies should be formed and actions need to be taken against these aspects to facilitate the students with a good learning environment. In context to equal treatment and difference between boys and girls, the response of the students provide much evidences that these are major problems. The students are not treated equally and even the gender discrimination also exists. So, it is important for the school to formulate policies to develop a learning environment that is free such discriminations. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be said that where school policies are formulated for the betterment of the students, at Kingswood it is observed that the students are facing problems due to school policies and the school is reluctant towards issues like drug abuse, discrimination not only on the part of the students but also on the part of the teachers. References Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (2011).The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Draper AK (2007) The principles and application of qualitative research. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, 641646. Hennink, M., Hutter, I., Bailey, A. (2010).Qualitative research methods. Sage. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Service, R. W. (2009) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Organizational Research Methods,12(3), 614-617. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Macroindividual free essay sample

I need to explain the uses, problem and critically examine the uses or problems with real life examples. Question 1 Briefly explain the uses of National Income Statistics. Comparison over Time According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), national income able to state the economy’s performance whether is progressing, stagnating or deteriorating on yearly basis from national income figures. For example like Singapore, their national income has improved steadily over the years which indicate that the country have a stable economy and high in productivity. As for economies in countries such as India, China, and Bangladesh are stagnating and should take action to increase their growth and development. However countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and some African countries have deteriorated in terms of economic performance. Comparisons between Countries Ali H. (1999) stated that we can differentiate the development and developing countries through national income. According to an international organization, OECD (Organization Economic Cooperation and Development) statistic, Singapore was the 13th richest country in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroindividual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page OECD is to tackle the country performance to estimate the country is developed or still developing. Countries such as Ethiopia, Myanmar, Bangladesh and most of the Asian states are the poorer nations. Measurement the Standard of Living According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), nationwide earnings information able to help us evaluate the quality lifestyle of individuals in different nations and the individuals residing in the same nations at different times. There is a correlation between national income and standard of living because when income is high, standards of living is high; when income is low, standards of living is low. For example countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have high national income and also high standards of living. However, as for the countries such as Ethiopia and Myanmar have low national income leads to low standards of living. Balance of Payment Ali H. (1999) stated that stability of transaction can be determine as the complete of expenses and invoices that a nation generates as result of transfer and trade worldwide with other nations. We can approximately calculate whether the nation will face lack or excess balance of transaction through the nationwide earnings data. There will be an output of forex from the nation and this will lead to disequilibrium in the complete amount of transaction if earnings paid overseas are far greater than earnings obtained overseas. National Planning According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), national planning also knows as planning of each of the countries which based on the national income statistic, the government will formulate its short term and long term economic planning. In this case, Karl E. Case and Ray C. Fair (2003) stated on the basis of present economic performance, the government will have to forecast future developments. This which if income increase, plans for the future will increase; same goes to if income decrease, plans for the future will decrease. This also important and why all the countries have to collate data on national income. Question 2 Discuss the problems involved in calculating the GNP per capita of an economy. Underground Economy OSullivan A. , Sheffrin S. M. , and Perez S. J. (2012) stated that one of the significant problems from measured GDP is so-called underground economy where transactions are not reported to official authorities. According to Lipsey (1998), some transactions are perfectly legal, but for the people do not report their income that they have generated it is because they wanted to avoid paying taxes. For example plumber who repairs pipes leakages in the toilet and only receive payment by cash which is to avoid taxes and these transactions are not recorded so they are excluded from GDP. According to Tucker I. B. (2008), some transaction such as illegal gambling, illegal drugs, illegal guns prostitution, and loan-shark are goods and services that meets every requirement for GDP but GDP does not include unreported criminals activities. Nonmarket Activities According to Lipsey (1998), dealings that do not take position in the structured industry are also being disregards by GDP. For illustrations like solutions that individuals do for themselves in their own houses because these solutions are not moved through markets; this is so GDP statisticians cannot evaluate them. Tucker I. B. (2008) stated nonmarket activities that are not transferred though the markets such as homemaker production, do-it-yourself activities, childcare services, and voluntary work. Problem of Illiteracy Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. 2010) stated that problem of illiteracy most happen in third world countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, India, and many African nations which the people there do not know how to keep accounts of their productive activities. With this problem of illiteracy, the governments of these countries will have difficulties in getting information such as estimated value of home produced product. For example people there do not have knowledge on marketing and finance which makes them do not know the value of product they are selling. Problems of Expertise According to Vengedasalam D. nd Madhavan K. (2010), one of the major problems of developing countries is shortage of professionals. In order to measure the national income accurately, we need the professional services such as statisticians, analysts, programmers, researchers. With these professionals in the developing countries will be able to present the national income data accurately with less technical and human errors. For example if the country do not have programmer, they need to record the national income data in papers and there will be more human errors. Lack of Sophisticated Machinery Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010) stated that technical aspect is as important as human factor. Technical aspect such as having sophisticated machinery is needed to compute data and information. For example, problems that developing countries like Indonesia and Peru are facing the problem of technical experts and technical equipment. There countries need this latest and advance machinery to compute massive volume of data. In the end, data that collected on national income need to be analyzed using sophisticated machinery regardless of which method is used. Question 3 Explain with examples whether you support its use as a measure of quality of life in a country. No, I do not support its uses as an evaluation of total well-being in a nation. The factors as follows: Problem of Illiteracy Third world countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, India, and many African nation facing this problems in which the people there do not know how to keep accounts of their productive activities. For example, Memon G. R. (2007) stated Pakistan has one of the smallest expenses of details on the globe, and the smallest among nations of relative resources and public or financial conditions. With a per close relatives earnings of over $450 Pakistan has an older details amount of 49%, while both Vietnam and Local Indian native with less per close relatives earnings have details expenses of 94% and 52%, respectively (Human Development Middle, 1998). Knowledge is greater in places and in the areas of Sindh and Punjab, among the greater earnings group, and in men. Nonmarket Activities According to Shaheen S. , Sial M. H. , Awan M. S. (2011), womans option about contribution in work market is of crucial importance in determining living standard, dependency stress and saving design in homes. Women signify about half of the people in this country in Pakistan. But in Pakistan mostly females execute happens in non-market activities in the home or the informal market. In recent past women contribution in modern market activities has been increasing. Factors determining the profession of women are extremely complex. At the individual level females option to execute is topic to such factors as the availability to projects, knowledge level and skills. Underground Economy One of the problems from measured GDP is so-called underground economy where transactions are not reported to official authorities. According to Schneider F. and Enste D. H. (2000), the results from eight nations in African-american are revealed, among these, Nigeria and The red sea have the biggest subterranean financial systems with 76 % and 68 % of GDP; Mauritius has the tiniest subterranean economic system with 20 %. Implementing the forex requirement strategy, Tanzania had a subterranean economic system of 31 % (of GDP) in 1989–90, and Southern African-american, 9 % in 1989 to 1990. The position of the size the subterranean financial systems for the Africa nations is reinforced by identical results and historical proof from Pozo (1996); Lawrence Chickering and Muhamed Salahdine (1991); and Lubell (1991). Conclusion I have explained the uses and problems. I have also examined the problems with real life examples.

the photo of a cheerleader essays

the photo of a cheerleader essays The Photo of a Victorious Cheerleader 2004 In the poem A Photo of Immigrants, the author Robert Wrigley presents a photo where an immigrant family is under the fear and pressure of learning how to deal and live in this new country that they have come to. Like this poem, my photo also represents the stress of a young lady that has to overcome her biggest fear of performing in front of an audience and come out as a champion because that is what all her family expects her from her. Cheerleading is a popular sport these days. They cheer for many different sports, such as, football and basketball and many people go to the games just to see the cheerleaders perform; however, no on knows what is going on before performing. It is June 19th 2004, the sun is out, there is a perfect weather and the Staple Center has never been so full of people as there is today and everyone is waiting to see all the young cheerleaders come out and do what they do best. The time is passing and all the cheerleaders are excited except one, my sister Mayra. She is about fifteen and half years old, she joined cheerleading this year and so far she has had no trouble on getting use to it. However; she has never perform in public, in fact she does not like it. Ten minutes before going to the stage she decides not to participate and let her squad and family down. She is under a lot of tension, she obviously does not know what to do since she does like cheerleading and she knows she can do it , it is just that she is scare and the stress is not e letting her think well. Ever since I have known my sister, I have seen her give up a lot of opportunities just because she lets her fears conquered her. That day she comes up to me and ask me for an advice as a big sister I know I have to tell her not to quit, but most of the time I just go along with what she says so that way she will not disturbed me with her problems. However, this time my parents are invo...

Areas of Heightened Audit Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Areas of Heightened Audit Risk - Assignment Example In itself, this reduction of trade payables by  £7,352,000 seems material and as such, an area of heightened audit risk. This understatement could be associated with either a complete omission of some liabilities from the financial statements and/or recorded at a lower amount. This act would portray that Havelock Europa Company as healthier and less risky since the omission of some expenses that are not yet paid lowers the debt and leads to an overstatement of incomes. From the financial statements of the Havelock Europa Company, the understatement could have been caused by the omission of contingent liability because, according to its policy, it considers contingent liabilities only when it becomes probable that it will have to make payments under the guarantee (Havelock Europa Plc., 2013, p. 93). The next probable cause for this fall could be the omission of unearned revenues that arise from prepayments from customers for services and goods not provided. Finally, the understatement could be as a result of Havelock Europa Company’s fraudulent financial reporting scheme. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2014) states that related party transactions, including those between a company and its executives, is a critical area as it has historically been characterised by increased risk of material misstatement. Therefore, this report also considers the transactions between Havelock Europa Company and its executives and related parties risky. These transactions are prone to manipulations and are used to understate liabilities or overstate assets. This report is concerned with the decrease in the amount from transactions with the management and group companies to  £877,000 in 2013 from  £914,000 in 2012 and  £1,377,000 in 2013 from  £2,045,000 in 2012 respectively (Havelock Europa Plc, 2013, p. 94). As noted by Colby (2010), these related party transactions could be improper and arise due to sale and purchase transactions between undisclosed affiliates.  Ã‚  

The Buddhist Discipline Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Buddhist Discipline - Research Paper Example This research paper demonstrates Buddhists history, practices, teachings and disciplines, that are followed by more than 375 million people these days. Founded in northeastern India between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhism has emerged into one of the world’s most influential major religions and philosophical thoughts. Through missionary activity, it spreads from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, and in the 20th century it found its way into Africa, Europe, The Americas, and Australia. Currently, the fourth largest religion, Buddhism plays a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of its followers. Despite the distinctive practices and unique collections of canonical texts of the two schools (branches) of Buddhism, Mahayana and Theravada, Buddhism’s main teachings (discipline) are focused on resolving the issue of human suffering. These teaching are summarized in the Four Noble Truths, of which the fourth is the Eightfold Path. Accepted by all schools of Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths is one of the fundamental teachings of Buddhism and is said to have been taught by the Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, in his first sermon, which he delivered after his enlightenment. The Eightfold Path is a subject of less discussion in Buddhist circle than the Four Noble Truths. These eight elements, which are correct view, an accurate understanding of the nature of things, specifically the Four Noble Truths. Rebirth and karma are other Buddhist teachings, that are mentioned in this research paper.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Case study - Essay Example In this facet of marketing, creation of an up-to-date customer database can save time, money incurred for traveling or communication and physical strain of frequent visits. Moreover, it ensures repeated business as the database regulates proximity with select customers. The process of making a customer database involves the stages like selecting customers to enroll in the list and keeping the track of customer data, studying buying capacity and needs of the customer, collecting details of contact information and buying habits of the target customer etc (Stones & Jacobs, 10-12). These stages simplify the progress of the business volume in direct marketing by all means. Direct mail plays a vital role in formulating direct marketing business. It is the most effective way of advertising where large numbers of customers are addressed at a single unit of time. Business people of various trades and organizations with personal relation activities use this technique to stimulate and maximize the potential response of the target groups. Almost everything in business is possible through advertising via direct mail system. The preparation and maintenance of a customer database helps in the operation of a very effective time-scale in the business process. In most cases, direct marketing is to be prompt and quick active for the stability of the business flow. Intact business volume levels are met by the application of an effective time scale. It promotes the pace of operation the time involved in each activity is bound to a scaled time pattern required for accomplishing a job. Scheduled activities only can create credibility of the business unit among its customers. This faith improves sales and the trade volume of the organization increases with a combination of values. Recognition of the product in the market is guaranteed by the value of service

The Carbon Tax Reduces Negative Externalities And Pollution Economics Essay

The Carbon Tax Reduces Negative Externalities And Pollution Economics Essay Carbon tax will have an impact on the negative externalities and the environment in Australia. Most economists recommended the adoption of a carbon tax to achieve carbon emission reductions. They argued that the carbon tax costs lowest to reducing carbon among emission reduction policies. Carbon tax is known as a most efficiency measure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon tax is an environmental tax and also is a Pigovian tax. Generally basing the carbon content of coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil fuel, carbon tax is designed and levied according to the fixed tax rate. Carbon tax is a kind of consumption tax levied on fossil fuels (Jane Andrew, Mary A. Kaidonis, Brian Andrew, 2010). Carbon tax levy will raise the price of fossil energy products. The price increase will promote the economical use of resources. The prices of non-fossil energy become more competitive, and ultimately make the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon tax is conducive to promoting the in ternalization of the external negative effects with consumption of fossil fuels. With the interior of fuel costs and increasing the cost of energy, it is useful to achieve the objective of reducing energy consumption, and thus to control carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon tax could better serve to reduce pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions, but it also can solve the problem of negative externalities. The carbon tax can reduce pollution levels Introduce of a carbon tax can promote prices increase of fossil fuels and other energy-intensive products then to suppress fossil energy consumption, and thus to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and aims to reduce emissions of other pollutants. As Figure I shows, a carbon tax of fossil fuels buyers will increase the price buyers pay. Before the introduction of carbon tax, the equilibrium of fossil fuels is Q1 and the equilibrium of priceÂÂ  is P1. After introduce of a carbon tax, the price of fossil fuels will get rise. The demand of fossil fuels from firms and household will decrease, is represented by a leftward shift of the demand curve from D1 to D2. Hence, new equilibrium quantity and price decrease from Q0 to Q1 and P0 to P1, respectively. The increase of the demand of coffees will be shown by rightward shift of demand curve from D0 to D1 in Figure 1. Hence, new equilibrium of quantity and price will be established that the quantity increases from Q0 to Q1 and price increases from P0 to P1, respectively. Therefore, the introduce of a modest carbon tax is conducive to increasing cost of the high energy consuming enterprises and high-polluting businesses, inhibition of high energy consumption and high emission industries. Meanwhile, a carbon tax will help promote and encourage enterprises to explore and use of renewable energy, speed up the elimination of high energy consumption, backward technology with high emission, research, development and use of energy saving technology, which will certainly promote the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, reduce energy consumption and accelerate the development and application of energy saving technologies (Ram M. Shrestha and Charles O. P,1999). Essentially, the carbon emissions caused global warming is an externality problem. The so-called external effects refer to non-market effects which the producers or consumers bring to other people during the actual economic activities. The first theorem of Pigous welfare theories argued that in a fully competitive market, if there is no externality, and if there is no possible that market information is not sufficient, the result of market competition will be Pareto optimal. Conversely, if the market does not meet any of the full competition, no externalities, full information these three conditions, it will result in differences between individual cost and social cost (Annegrete Bruvoll and Bodil Merethe Larsen, 2004).. This difference is difficult or cost to eliminate itself in the market so it is difficult to reach to the Pareto optimal state. To eliminate the cost difference led up to the optimal Pareto improvement, he suggested the government should tax the polluters based on th e harm caused by pollution make up the gap between individual and social costs in the form of carbon tax. This action is helpful to let the producers transfer pollution emissions costs into the price of the product. This tax is also called Pigovian taxes. (Frank Scrimgeour, Les Oxley, Koli Fatai, 2005) From the above analysis, carbon tax would not only be able to promote polluters to reduce the negative externalities, it is also an incentive also for clean energy companies, so Pigou Tax is an important policy tool for policy makers to reduce carbon emissions( Lucas Skoufa and Rick Tamaschke, 2011). The purpose of a carbon tax is to reduce external diseconomies, achieve the internalization of external diseconomies and correct of market failure caused by loss of efficiency in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources. Carbon tax is actually a Pareto improvement , which would be an improvement and optimization of allocation of resources to the society as a whole to achieve a more efficient use of resources. Carbon tax can solve the external economy as well as to achieve Pareto optimal state. Conclusion Carbon tax can influence the price and quantities of fossil fuels demand, so it will helpful to reduce pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions. It is a good measure to Australia to protect the environment. Carbon tax also can reduce negative externalities.

Racism Essay -- Racial Relations, White

"The first, and perhaps most crucial, fear is that of facing the fact that some of what we white people have is unearned. It's a truism that we don't really make it on our own; we all have plenty of help to achieve whatever we achieve." (Jensen, 1) When reflecting on this statement you start to see that what Jensen is telling us is very true. Since born, and while growing up, many white people have been "handed" everything needed to succeed and receive the necessary tools and help to achieve anything. We don't realize this because many of us are continually congratulated on the success actually fostered through the people who love and care for us. What people need to realize is that there are people who are not born into these situations, and are continually fighting to get away from their abusive families that do not support them. "A second fear is crasser: White people's fear of losing what we have -- literally the fear of losing things we own if at some point the economic. political, and social systems in which we live become more just and equitable." (Jensen, 1) Everyone fears losing something that they are accustomed to, whether it be material goods, social status, or power. People are often affected psychologically when they lose something, and for whites, it would make them feel less superior than other races if they did lose something. Some whites feel that they lose power when other races break through barriers and become more powerful than they are. Jensen reaffirms the idea that people are born into a society where "affluence" and "material comfort" will obviously affect how someone feels and reacts to losing whatever they have lost. "A third fear involves a slightly different scenario -- a world in which ... ...enating to people of color: people of color's identities, experiences, and ways of communicating are often outside the very restricted language and the very limited representations of people like them in the stories they read." (Marrero, 10) Marrero brings up a very interesting point when showing the reader that people are sometimes limited in ways of communicating because of the classroom setting they are surrounded with. When you reflect on how many teachers use "dominant paradigms" in their teachings, you begin to realize that students voices are inherently constrained. You then begin to ask yourself the scary questions of "how many people have already been restricted from using their own voice and how many continue to be in this situation today?" People are unable to develop a broader world view unless we are able to listen to how other people communicate.

The Effects of Classical Music on Individual

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research paper is made possible through the help and support from everyone, including: parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient beings. Especially, please allow me to dedicate my acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant advisors and contributors: First and foremost, I would like to thank Kamal Vai who is the lead guitarist of the band Aurthohin and one of the most renowned musician of our country for his support and encouragement. He gave me numerous  valuable information and admiration to my research.And my course instructor for giving me guidelines and supports through the research. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends Zahid Neloy, Nahid Islam and Nahian Mahmud Alvi to read my thesis and to provide valuable advice, a brother Jefry to reproof the paper, as well as all the other people who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics.Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number of musicians. For my primary research I surveyed general people where I tried to cover all groups of age for their opinions about classical music. How different feelings generate through this music and what do they think of this music. What I found is that so many other genres took the position of classical music and its popularity is on decrease.But still there are groups of people who are well aware of its contribution to music and influence on people and tradition. It is still a great source of entertainment and used widely in background music on TV programs and movies. It is used in restaurants, family parties and clubs. It has effect on peoples mind and many research and studies have done if it can be used in betterment of humanity. It is indeed different from other genres and people have respect and feeling about this music. Comfort is what come to most of the peoples mind when listening to it.TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Research Questions 4. Hypothesis 5. Methodology 6. Data Presentation and Analysis 7. Summery and Findings 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION â€Å"If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music. † ?  Albert Einstein Can you find any people who doesn't listen to music at least in some extent? At present days it is really hard. People's feelings and emotions are connected to music.And when talking about classical music it goes back centuries. There are lot to know about music and its development. And when it come s to development of music, classical music cannot be avoided. Because it is the root of all music. It is as much interesting as it seems at first glance. There is lot to know about music and how it evolved to modern day music. I found many astonishing information about classical music which people would yearn to know. Before starting I want to mention the name of Mozart . He is one of the most prominent musician all time.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart(27 January 1756  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 5 December 1791)  born in Germany, was a prolific and influential composer of the  Classical era. He composed over 600  works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of  symphonic,  concertante,  chamber,  operatic, and  choral  music. He is among the most enduringly popular of  classical  composers. Classical music is one of the most influential musical genres in the music industry. Many writings, speeches, poets have been written to it. Many people find it useful to listen to this music. Comfort is what comes to their minds while listening to it.Different music is for different situation. People choose it to be heard in calm environment. They recommend classical music in restaurants, clubs and family parties. The effects of classical music can vary from person to person. There is a term called â€Å"The Mozart Effect† which refers to effects on the pregnant woman and the newborn baby. Classical music improves cognitive ability which has positive impact on both young and old. However, it is commonly agreed that music has a profound effect on mood, spatial intelligence, memory and language.This is why in the west it is used as background music in some schools. BACKGROUND Studies suggest that listening to classical music decreases tension and improves mood (Rea et al. , 2010). Research also indicates that playing music enhances specific aspects of intelligence such as verbal ability and spatial-temporal reasoning, though it does not increase general intelligence. Classical Music and Linguistic Abilities A number of research studies have supported the fact that classical music can have a positive effect on linguistic abilities.One study found that those who listened to Vivaldi while exercising increased their scores on verbal fluency tests after their workouts compared to those who exercised without music (Ohio State University, 2004). Another study of 90 boys in Hong Kong between the ages of 6 and 15 found that those who learned to play music with their school’s string orchestra program scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group that did not receive musical training. The boys in the music group were also able to learn more new words than those in the control group (Yim-Chi Ho et al. 2003). The Mozart Effect The Mozart effect has been the subject of much research in recent years, after it was found that listening to Mozart’s music may increase specific types of intelligence, particularly spatial-temporal abilities (Raus cher et al. 1993). However, a recent meta-analysis conducted by Pietschnig et al. (2009) suggests that simply listening to classical music is unlikely to produce these gains, but various studies indicate that playing music does enhance certain brain-based skills. Rauscher et al. 1997) found that children who were given keyboarding lessons, taught musical notation and other music-related skills, and learned to play simple melodies by Mozart and Beethoven achieved scores that were approximately 30% higher on tests of spatial-temporal reasoning than children of the same age who did not receive musical training, and these effects did not diminish over time. Thus, it appears that greater gains can be achieved by not only listening to music but also learning about it and creating it. Experiments have also been conducted to determine whether rats and mice are subject to the Mozart effect. Rauscher et al. 1998) found that in-uteri and early childhood exposure to Mozart improved the ability of rats to solve mazes quickly later on, though Steele (2003) argues that the evidence is weak, given that some other researchers have not been able to replicate the results. David Merrill conducted an experiment in which one group of mice were subject to round-the-clock classical music and another to heavy metal music while a third acted as a control group in a no-music condition. The Mozart mice made good progress in reducing their maze-solving times, but the first experiment was cut short when the heavy metal mice attacked and killed one another.A second experiment with lower music volumes and mice separated to prevent violence yielded results in favor of Mozart: The classical music mice solved the mazes more rapidly than those in the other two groups, and the heavy metal mice became worse at maze-solving than when they had first been introduced to the mazes (Wertz, 7 February 1998). Mozart’s Music and Epilepsy Mozart’s music has a beneficial effect on those sufferi ng from epilepsy. A study of epileptics found that listening to Mozart’s music, even when unconscious, decreased epilepsy brain activity in the majority of subjects.A case study of one girl found that her seizures decreased significantly after listening to Mozart for just 10 minutes of each waking hour (Jenkins, 2001). Concentration and Classical Music Despite the above results, there have been several studies that indicate that although classical music is helpful for memorizing, it is not as helpful for mental concentration and or test-taking. A research study conducted by Robert Hjortsberg of Loyola University found that their test subjects performed mental tasks more effectively without any music as compared to classical music.A research study conducted by Mike Manthei at the University of Nebraska confirmed the above results and found that classical music had a negative impact on students taking math exams. How Classical Music Can Be Used On Classroom Background Finding o ut about which type of music is best to play in the classroom can help students enjoy your classes and improve their concentration. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of music on cognitive ability, and the potential benefits music can have on concentration, enjoyment, comprehension and spatial-temporal reasoning have attracted the attention of many researchers.According to research, any music is better than no music, and baroque, classical and rock music can have positive effects. Classical Music Improves Surgery Music soothes savage beasts of all ages. The power of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and other classical composers lay in their ability to create a variety of moods. For centuries, listeners have relaxed with classical music, energized themselves, honed their concentration, or captured elusive sleep. With classical music, a romantic interlude still appears in the middle of a turbulent day or a solemn occasion turns inspiring.Read on to learn how to relax with classica l music. Additional Classical Music Experiments Capers (2009) details the use of classical music to reduce crime in various contexts, the most impressive of which was the London Underground experiment, whereby classical music was piped throughout London's crime-infested subway system. The result was a 37% decrease in vandalism, a 33% reduction in robbery and 25% fewer staff assaults. North et al. (2003) found, in keeping with prior research in other contexts, that people spend more money when listening to classical music.Those eating at a particular restaurant purchased more food and drinks when the restaurant played classical music than they did listening to pop music or in the no-music condition. RESEARCH QUESTIONS As you have seen in my topic my research is about influence of classical music on individual. For conducting my research I came up with some major questions. I will be focusing on these questions which will help me go through my research. My research will address the fo llowing research questions: * What do people feel about classical music? * What is the special thing about this music comparing to other genres? What do musicians say about classical music? * How popular is it? * In which areas classical music can be used? * In what state of mind classical music can be useful? * What image in the mind comes out while listening to classical music? HYPOTHESIS With these research questions I am expecting to have all my answers which will help me go through my research. I expect classical to be averagely popular among the other genres of music. Though this music feels soothing I expect it to be difficult to cover and only expert musicians are seen to cover.I expect people's feelings should be different because different people has different taste of music. I expect this music is for calm peoples and those who are middle aged. There is a group of young generation among whom classical music is very popular. There was a huge popularity of classical music i n the early 19th century among renowned musicians and I expect it remains the same today. METHODOLOGY For my primary research, I conducted a survey of a representative sampling of the general public in Dhaka City on their views and feelings about classical music.To that end I designed a questionnaire with different types of questions so as to get a range of useful data which will help me to answer my research questions. I took my survey on 51 people from whom 35 of them were male and 16 were female. My target ager groups were 18-24 and 25-36. But most of the representatives of my survey were in 18-24 group. For my secondary research I planned to see the resources of the library and also consulted few books and autobiographies of people who are attached to music. I also browsed the internet and use standard search engines like Google for further information. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSISLet me go through and explain the data I found through my primary research. Do you listen to musi c? This is my first question in my questionnaire. The reason of this question was I wanted to ask a general question about music that how people likes music. It resulted that around 84% of the people listens to music. 12% of them somewhat listens. And only 4% of the people doesn't listen to music. So, we can say that almost all people listens to music. How would you grade classical music among other genres? Here, the peak was for â€Å"very good†. 46% people graded very good comparing to other genres. Slightly below was â€Å"fair â€Å". 2% of the people said classical music is fair. The other two was significantly low, 10% for poor, and 12% for excellent. What kind of feeling do you get while listening to it? This is another question about how people feel while listening to classical music. Lagging far behind others options comfort got 46%. Joy and neutral was somewhat near, 20% and 14%. Others choices were significantly low. When are you to listen to this kind of music? Another important question was in what situations and circumstances people tend to listen to classical music. 34% people chose anytime. A slightly below 30% said in a free time.There are people who would like to listen to it while working(14%) and when taking a rest(16%). Another was on a journey which took only 6%. How classical music is popular among people? Here I just wanted to know what people think of its popularity. Only 6% said it is very popular. 40% was the highest somewhat popular. A little less got the neutral part around 34%. 6% of the people said that it is very unpopular. How likely are you to listen to this music? Most people are somewhat likely to listen to this music as the graph above shows. Here around 41% are somewhat likely to listen to classical music.Very likely and neutral both got 17% of the vote. Others are insignificant. Classical music is for all generations. Lastly I asked a question where people would stop and think for a while at this question. 64% pe ople agree that classical music is for all generation. Way below only 20% people disagreed with it and even lower 16% people strongly agreed. No one marked for strongly disagree. SUMMARY AND RESEARCH FINDINGS After all the research I have done, what I found is some important notations on classical music. Classical music is an average popular genre of music. Its popularity is on decrease.Many of the modern genre has taken place of it. People mostly young ones are rarely to listen to such music. People who are middle aged are mostly the customers of classical music. One thing people agreed is that classical music is the root of all music. It has created a foundation by which other genres made its' appearance. It has influence on number of different cultures including ours. Thus no one can refuse it's importance. CONCLUSION Nothing comes without a reason. If classical music had no influence there were no practices, compositions, covers, performance, notation, theory of this genre.It ha s indeed did great to individual and society. Different people find different essence with it. Different people recommend this music in different situations. There had been famous musicians of classical music who have taken places in history. Researchers have been done and studies had been conducted to find suitable ways for this music. Though it is not that popular as it were in early classical era it is indeed practiced by many musicians still now and people still has great respect for it. REFERENCES Adams, St. (2012). Classical music improves surgery. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www. elegraph. co. uk/health/healthnews/9169589/Classical-music-improves-surgery. html Beentjes, J. W. J. , Koolstra, C. M. , ; van der Voort, T. H. A. (1996). Combining background media with doing homework: Incidence of background use and perceived effects. Communication Education, 45, 59-72. Campbell, Don (1997). The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Min d, and Unlock the Creative Spirit. ISBN  0-380-97418-5. Cox, M. 0. (1981). Effects of hypnotherapy and relaxation training on mathematics achievement. (Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A;M University, 1981).Dissertation Abstracts IntemationaL 42/10, 4186. Etaugh, C. , ; Michaels, D. (1975). Effects on reading comprehension of preferred music and frequency of studying to music. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 41, 553-554. Fagen, J. , Prigot, J. , Carroll, M. , Pioli, L. , Stein, A. , ; Franco, A. (1997). Auditory context and memory retrieval in young infants. Child Development, 68, 1057-1066. Friedman, B. (1959). An evaluation of the achievement in reading and arithmetic of pupils in elementary school instrumental music classes. (Doctoral Dissertation, New York University, 1959).Dissertation AbstractsInternational, 60, 3662-A-3663A. Jourdain, Robert. Music, the Brain and Ecstasy. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. ,1997. Lundin, Robert W. An Objective Psychology of Music. Malabar: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1985. Pool, M. M. , Koolstra, C. M. , ; van der Voort, T. H. A. (2003). The impact of background radio and television on high school students' homework performance. Journal of Communication, 53(1), 74-87. Rauscher, F. H. , Shaw, G. L. , Levine, L. J. , Wright, E. L. , Dennis, W. R. , & Newcomb, R. L. (1997).Music  training causes long-term enhancement of preschool children's spatial-temporal reasoning. Neurological Research, 19, 2-8. Steele, K. M. , Bass, K. E. , ; Crook, M. D. (1999). The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate. Psychological Science, 10 (4), 366-369. Thompson, W. F. , Schellenberg, E. G. ; Husain, G. (2001). Mood, arousal, and the Mozart effect. Psychological Science, 12(3), 248-251. Wertz, M. , the Schiller Institute. (17 February 1998). â€Å"Why Classical Music Is the Key to Education† in â€Å"Towards A New Renaissance in Classical Education. † SchillerInstitute. org.

“Philosophers”, “architects”, “dreamy professors” Essay

These epithets are most often used to describe the INTP personality type. INTPs love theories and believe that everything can be analyzed and improved. They are not that concerned about the real world and practical things – from the INTPs’ perspective, it is often less exciting than ideas and intellectual pursuits. People with this personality type have no difficulties noticing patterns where others cannot – this makes them brilliant theorists and analysts. The accumulated knowledge is the most valued asset of any INTP. Imagine an immensely complicated clockwork which is constantly absorbing, processing and generating all kinds of theories – this is how the INTP mind works. People with the INTP personality type possess the most logically precise mind of all personality types – they can easily notice even the tiniest discrepancies between two statements, no matter how much time would have passed in between. It is a bad idea to lie to an INTP. They ma y appear dreamy sometimes, but this is not because their mind is resting – quite the opposite. INTPs are enthusiastic and impartial when it comes to dealing with problems – they drill through the details and then develop a unique approach and ultimately a viable solution. INTPs are usually very intelligent and insightful people, able to remain unbiased in any situation. They absolutely love new ideas and theories and would never miss an opportunity to discuss them with other people – however, this never-ending thinking process also makes them look somewhat pensive and detached, as INTPs are perfectly able to conduct full-fledged debates in their own heads. People with this personality type may also find it quite difficult to explain their thoughts to others, even when it becomes obvious that their theories are not easily graspable. INTPs may also move on to another topic before their co-workers or partners have figured out what the INTP wanted to say. INTPs cannot stand routine work – they would much rather tackle a difficult theoretical problem. INTP personalities really have no limits when it comes to theoretical riddles – if there is no easy solution and the topic is interesting enough, an INTP can spend ages trying to come up with a solution. INTP personalities are usually very shy and reluctant when it comes to meeting other people. However, INTPs can also be very friendly and confident when they interact with people they know well or talk about things that interest them. INTPs are flexible and relaxed in nearly all situations,  except when their beliefs or logical conclusions are being criticized. In those cases, the INTP is likely to become very defensive and argue tirelessly. Sharing many personality traits with other T types, INTPs do not really understand or value decisions based on feelings or subjective opinions. In their opinion, the only good solution is the logical solution – INTPs do not see a point in using emotional arguments. Such an approach preserves the â€Å"sanctity† of their intellectual method; however, this also makes it difficult for INTP personalities to understand other people’s feelings or satisfy their emotional needs. Individuals with the INTP personality type are likely to be very open-minded and even eccentric. These traits, combined with their capacity for in ventiveness and original thought, make up a very Whether the chicken crossed the road or the road crossed the chicken depends on your frame of reference. Albert Einstein  powerful mix – it is not surprising that INTPs are responsible for many scientific discoveries. An INTP is unlikely to care much about social expectations and the â€Å"usual† goals such as job security – however, they will do their best to find an environment where their creative genius and potential can be expressed. One of the few bottlenecks that INTPs impose upon themselves is their restless fear of possible failure. No other personality type worries that much about missing a piece of the mental puzzle or overlooking some crucial fact that might lead to a better solution. Unlike their more confident INTJ or ENTJ cousins, INTPs could spend ages reflecting on their actions. Even when an INTP is arguing with someone, this should be taken with a grain of salt – they might as well be arguing with their own mind. If you would like to learn more about the INTP personality type and its traits, download the INTP In-Depth Profile – a 6 0+ page guide covering a number of diverse topics.

How to Find and Use AP Score Calculators

How to Find and Use AP Score Calculators SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the best way to use AP score calculators? In this post we will discuss how to get the most out of them – and when you shouldn’t use them at all. Where Do I Get an AP Score Calculator? Before we talk about the best ways to use score calculators, you need to learn where to find one for your particular AP class! Each AP test uses a different scoring system. There are no â€Å"official† AP score calculators released by College Board, so teachers and test prep companies have to make their own. To get an AP score calculator, first talk to your teacher – AP teachers often have a formula they use for grading practice tests. If your teacher doesn't have one or you're self-studying, get a prep book for your AP class. Prep books written for individual tests will always have a score calculator. Finally, look online – many websites have approximate score calculators you can use for each AP class. A word of caution: all score calculators are approximations since the scaling of an AP test changes year to year to keep the difficulty level the same. For example, 100 points could be enough for a 5 one year, but in the next year it would only get a 4. We’ll talk about how to compensate for that below. Our Calculator Example: AP English Language and Composition Throughout this post we’ll be using AP English Language and Composition as an example as we talk about score calculators. It’s the most popular AP test currently. Over 500,000 students took it in 2014! There are 55 possible multiple choice points (1 point per question) worth 45% of your score, and 3 essays (worth 9 points each) for 27 possible points worth 55% of your score. This is the calculator we are using: (Multiple Choice Score x 1.23) + (Essays x 3.05) = Total Score That total score is translated to the final composite AP score of 1-5 like so: 5: 104-150 4: 92-103 3: 76-91 2: 50-75 1: 0-49 It seems a bit complicated, but once you get used to the formula it’s easy to use, and it can help you design a target score for the AP test. Using this calculator, we'll now explore the do's and don'ts of using AP score calculators. Do’s Of Using Score Calculators Grade Your Practice Exams With Them We highly recommend taking the extra step of grading any practice AP tests you take. Getting a predicted 1-5 AP score is a great way to get a snapshot of how you’re shaping up to do on the test. So instead of just getting a free response and multiple choice raw score, you can put those scores in context and get an idea of how much they need to improve before exam day. To use AP English as an example, if you took a practice exam and got a 30/55 on multiple choice and 12/27 on the essays, you might be discouraged. But using the calculator, you find you get a final score of 73 – which is just a few points away from passing! Which isn’t so shabby for a practice test. So instead of feeling disappointed, you can figure out exactly how much you need to improve to pass your next practice test. You can also get a sense of how much score improvements will help you. To use our example, you might realize â€Å"If I go from a 4 to a 6 on all my essays, I could not only pass, but get a 4 overall!† (If you got 30/55 on multiple choice and 18/27 on the essays, you would get a total score of 92, which would just barely get you a 4.) This helps you create manageable improvement goals. Remember, you don’t need to get every single point on an AP test to get a 5. And you certainly don't need every single point to pass. Come Up With a Detailed Target Score AP score calculators allow you to understand both the multiple choice and free response scores you need for certain final AP scores. This can help you decide where to focus your studying efforts. You might go for all-around improvement, or you could target your studying on just the free response or multiple choice. On AP English Language, if you’re going for a 5, you could go for near-perfect essays and have more wiggle room on multiple choice, or go for nearly-perfect multile choice and aim for middle-of-the-road essays. For example, if you get 8s on all your essays and 35/55 on multiple choice, you would get a 5 total score, which is pretty comfortably a 5. On the flipside, if you got 6s on your essays and 50/55 on multiple choice, you would also get a 5 total score. This allows you to play to your strengths on the AP exam and not overwhelm yourself trying to be perfect at everything. If you're a strong writer, you could aim for 8s on your essays and not worry about making your multiple choice score perfect. Or if you're great at taking multiple choice tests, you could aim for a 50 on multiple choice and try and make your essays decent. In short, you don't have to burn yourself out if you use a score calculator to set target scores for each section. Go For Consistency Don’t take one practice exam, calculate a 5 using the score calculator, and stop studying. Use the score calculator every time you practice, and make an effort to take at least two or three full-length practice exams before the real thing. Also try your hardest on practice free response questions and multiple choice sections your teacher may assign in class. Why? Especially when it comes to essays, you could be in trouble if you’re hit with an essay that you’re not well-equipped to answer. If you stop studying after you get a 5 on one practice test, you won't be prepared for whatever the AP test throws at you. Only by practicing consistently can you be adequately prepared or whatever questions appear on the AP test. By practicing a lot, you make sure that 5 is all-but-guaranteed, not just a fluke. In short, practice makes perfect – or at least it makes 5s! Don’ts of Using AP Score Calculators Don’t Use Them Too Early in the Year Don't worry about practicing for AP exams in the fall! There is no point in taking and grading a practice AP exam early in the year. That would be like taking a final exam for a class before winter break! You still have a lot to learn, so taking an exam early on would just stress you out. The score calculators are best used to inform you how you’re shaping up to do on the exam, so using them too early will demoralize you. You shouldn’t expect yourself to be able to tackle the AP exam before the first semester is over! Especially on the hardest exams. Wait until the first semester is over before taking practice exams and grading them. Don’t Panic If You Don’t Get the Scores You Want in Practice Even though it can be frustrating to get a 1 or 2 on a practice exam, don't despair. Remember that you’re practicing to find your weak points and improve them. Getting a low score in practice can be good because it shows you mistakes you are apt to make so you can learn from them. Think of it this way: any mistake you make while practicing is one you won’t make on the real thing as long as you study. Even if you get a 1 or a 2 on a practice exam, that doesn’t mean you’re doomed to fail on the real thing. The key is to analyze your mistakes so you can learn from them and improve for the real AP exam. Don’t Assume AP Score Calculators are 100% Accurate Simply put, they’re not! As we discussed above, they can only approximate your real score. Since AP tests are equated each year so scores are consistent, a raw score that’s good enough for a 5 on one exam could only be good enough for a 4 on another. This means when setting target scores, be generous. For example, if you’re going for a 5, don’t just practice for the lowest possible raw score that could work according to your calculator – aim for many points above that! For AP English, we would set the 5 threshold 10 points higher, 4. We would set the passing threshold (a score of 3) at 86 instead of 76. By doing this, we leave wiggle room for year-to-year test scaling differences and unexpected mistakes you might make on the exam. Bottom Line AP Calculators are an excellent tool to help you get the most out of your AP exam practice and set smart target scores. Just beware of using them too early, and don’t let them make you complacent! What’s Next? Learn more about AP: how long exams are, how they’re scored, and how many AP classes you should take. Also studying for the ACT/SAT? Get the latest tips from our expert writers on each section: SAT Math, Reading, and Writing, or ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. Did you already take the ACT/SAT? Find out if you should retake the exam. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Airplane accidents causes and prevention Research Paper

Airplane accidents causes and prevention - Research Paper Example The improved aviation operations enabled the aircraft to go on extended flights which it did not before this Act because there were more accidents in the early nineteenth century and no detailed investigation was performed. However, it is still important to understand what the main causes of airplane accidents are and what steps can be taken to improve the aviation so that air accidents can be avoided. Most often, it is the human error that causes crashes (Mello et al., 2008). Sometimes, the pilots are very experienced due to which they get over confident and tend to be careless. For example, running out of gasoline while the plane is on flight is a result of human carelessness when he thinks that he has enough to fly to the destination. There are a lot of issues while flying that may demand more gasoline than usual. This makes the pilot force landing which is in no way out of danger. McCormick and Papadakis (2003, p.4) state that there are a lot of reasons that cause aircraft components to fail and become a cause for airplane accident. Either there is a fault in the manufacturing of a certain part or more load than usual has been placed on it that causes it to malfunction. The structure may have been poorly designed so as to stimulate stress concentrations which result in fatigue collapse (McCormick & Papadakis). The authors assert that: Any aircraft flying can be torn apart by pulling back hard on the wheel at an excessive speed and thereby producing loads exceeding the ultimate values for which it was designed. A pilot may fly through severe turbulence, like a thunder storm, thereby causing high loads (p.4). It may happen that the aircraft design is such that an average pilot finds it hard to operate it. The controls may be improperly placed inside the cockpit enhancing the probability that the pilot mistakenly gives an incorrect control input. Mechanical components like gearboxes and couplings may

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 38

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example I also completely agree with what you said about dealing with a challenging person in terms of gossip and jokes. I had not considered this aspect before, but I think you are right that it might hurt your credibility with that person. According to an article entitled â€Å"How to communicate effectively with difficult and challenging personalities,† it is vital that a person is very organized and has what they are going to say planned out when talking to a challenging person(Sabol). I definitely think you hit the nail on the head with this idea when you talked about sending them further information like a credible website after speaking with them. I think doing this allows the challenging person some time to think over what you have said and work through any of their doubts or concerns with what was said as well. In talking to an open minded person, you mentioned that you might ask their thoughts on certain things. I think that is a good idea because it lets this person know that you care about their thoughts and ideas and are open to suggestion. The one thing that I think is difficult in a workplace environment, however, is the process of identifying which person fits into which category, especially in terms of peers, challenging people, and open-minded people. In your opinion, how do you decide who fits into what category before embarking on a specific persuasion or communication technique? Sabol, Byron. "How to Communicate Effectively with Difficult and Challenging Personalities." EzineArticles. 2007. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.