Azimuthal Quantum Number Definition

Definition: The azimuthal quantum number, â„“, is the quantum number associated with the angular momentum of an atomic electron. The angular momentum quantum number determines the shape of the electrons orbital. Also Known As: angular momentum quantum number, second quantum number Examples: A p orbital is associated with an azimuthal quantum number equal to 1.

Essay about André Bazin Film Critic Extraordinaire

As time evolved so did the means of replicating reality. As far back as cave drawings, humans have tried to make sense of their surroundings through artificial means. We can go through time and see this process evolve from engraving, to painting, to photography, and to its most convincing form to date: cinema. In the task of duplicating reality cinema has surpassed all other forms of representation. Looking at the other means which are mentioned above we see cinema is the first mean that is able to capture movement, and nowadays even sound. Andrà © Bazin may well be the most influential critic ever to have written about this process. As †¦. States: â€Å"Bazin envisions each rung on cinemas evolutionary ladder as a step toward a more realistic†¦show more content†¦Interestingly enough, this system has come to be considered the classic Hollywood method. By the 1940s, however, particularly with the development of such democratizing tools as deep focus photography which eliminated the need for montage, and moved editing toward realism once more. Editing styles became more or less standardized. Cinema reached a point of classical perfection where content fused with form and the next evolutionary advancement, if there was to be one, would not be propelled by a technical matter but a thematic one: the subject matter and the effect it imposed on technical/formal aspect (†¦). This cinematic progress is in perfect accordance with Bazins notion of the cinema moving toward the myth of total cinema. The movement from the silent area into sound was an important one in the creation of realism. Bazin however, emphasizes the role of visuals more so than sound. Bazin understands that Cinema can never be completely the same as the actual viewing process. He realizes that the human eye does not perceive a scene in the same way as a camera recording a scene in depth of field and/or long take. However, Bazin states that editing is the mediator between the two making the process of viewing a film physiological: â€Å"Logical cutting according to drama, narrative, and anticipation constructs a sense of an integral space. The master shot establishes a location so that the cutting to points within

Positioning and Differentation Free Essays

The positioning and differentiation strategies of two nearby hospitals, St. Francis Hospital located in Roslyn, New York and the Schneider Children’s Hospital in New Hyde Park, New York will be discussed in this article. These two institutions are located in Long Island, New York and are approximately 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Positioning and Differentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 miles apart from each other, servicing the nearby counties of Queens, Nassau and Suffolk.These renowned facilities are recognized for their specialty services throughout New York as well as the United States. The intent of this article is to examine the positioning and differentiation marketing strategies of these hospitals; how they have created and established a unique, identifiable image of their products and services (Positioning) and how their services differ from other institutions, and each other, to influence the consumer’s perception and preference (Differentiation). Saint Francis Hospital: The Heart CenterFounded by the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in 1922, St. Francis Hospital is a full-service, 279-bed, nonprofit facility, located in the affluent area of Roslyn, New York. St. Francis is the only hospital in New York designated as a cardiac center (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, 2007). The institution declares to offer one of the leading cardiac care programs in the country, providing such services as cardiac surgery, catheterization, angioplasty and the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center).According to the New State Department of Health, the hospital has performed the highest caseload of cardiac surgery and catheterizations in the state with mortality rates significantly below the statewide average (New York State Department of Health, 2004, p. 14). The organization is very proud of these achievements and has announced its position in various advertisements found on local television, radio stations, community newsletters and a regional major newspaper across Long Island. The reputation of excellence, low mortality and using highly-advanced technology has been an excellent marketing trategy when differentiating this institution amongst local hospitals that perform the same procedures. The hospital also promotes that nearly all of its cases of isolated heart valve repair are carry out by a minimally invasive approach (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center). Besides being acclaimed for cardiac surgery for all ages, the hospital is also offers full-service healthcare to its surrounding communities. The hospital treats patients in over two dozen different departments, including emergency services.The hospital was also rated one of the safest hospitals in the nation and ranked number 2 in New York State (HealthGrades, 2009). These ideal characteristics of the facility are found in all their promotional advertisement throughout the Long Island region. These ideal attributes positions their services to create a perception of uniqueness and high quality to patients, especially cardiac patients. Saint Francis Hospital has sparked an appeal to many because of these model techniques and statistics; most cardiac patients prefer to be treated at this facility.This differentiation strategy has been a successful venture; it has made the hospital the number one choice for cardiac care in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk among the 4 surrounding hospitals providing similar services (Best Hospitals, 2008). Schneider Children’s Hospital The second hospital of discussion is the Schneider Children’s Hospital (SCH); this institution is a 154 bed tertiary hospital located in New Hyde Park, New York and is part of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health Care System. The hospital is committed to the complete care of children, from premature infants to adolescence.Since its inception in 1983, the hospital has provided outpatient medical service to over 162,000 children. The hospital treats a vast variety of diseases such as epilepsy, cancer, cardiac, and cystic fibrosis. Sp ecial services are provided for Lyme disease, the deaf, food allergies, immunology, human genetics, cardiac surgery, emergency and trauma. The facility proclaims to be â€Å"a destination hospital for children across the United States and around the world† (Schneider Children’s Hospital, n. d. , para. 1). SCH is the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children.It has prided itself on being named one of America’s best children’s hospitals for two years in a row by the U. S. News and World Report (Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics, 2009). These rankings are based on good community standing, patient outcomes and care-related issues as patient volume, nursing care, advanced technology and recognition by outside organizations. The hospital has several consultation centers throughout Long Island and New York City to offer specialized healthcare to children right in their own community.The Centers provide specialized services for a broad range of medical conditions such as heart disease, neurological disorders, cancer, Lyme disease, growth deficiencies, and other childhood illnesses. The main marketing strategy to attract it target audience is through a community newsletter, its participation in community events and sponsorships, a pediatric mobile unit for the uninsured, television, radio and newspaper advertisements. The institution asserts that it provides the only pediatric emergency department with 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout Long Island.The hospital publicizes its emergency department as a Level 1 pediatric trauma center with a team of pediatric emergency physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologist and trauma nurses (Schneider Children’s Hospital); these distinctive healthcare services, along with a strong marketing and public relations department has persuaded many consumers’ perceptions and preferences for such services. Another service worth mentioning is that of its cardiac surgery division; SCH advertises that it has been recognized as one of the largest volume pediatric cardiac programs in New York State and the largest in Long Island.The hospital provides extensive experience with an entire range of congenital and acquired heart diseases in children and adolescence. The institution claims to be the only hospital on Long Island with the ability to provide extracorporeal membrane support for the support of certain high-risk pediatric cardiac patients. The image of having such technological advance equipment as well as the expertise for such procedures, positions SCH with high attributes as an advanced hospital for pediatric cardiac programs. The Similarities and Differences of the Organizations The similarities and differences between St.Francis Hospital and Schneider Children’s Hospital are quite evident; similarly each hospital treats children, pediatric cardiac procedures and pediatric emergency medicine; both are tertiary and trauma centers. The differences are also obvious; SCH only treats pediatrics and overall provides more pediatric specialty services than St. Francis Hospital. Saint Francis treats adults with congenital heart disease, besides children with such defects. SCH is the only facility that can provide extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk pediatric cardiac patients.These differences in the specific specialties allow these hospitals to coexist and maintain their own market niche or unique identities. By means of strategic positioning, St. Francis has been branded as â€Å"The Heart Center† of the region. This image of the institution has been successfully established in the minds of the consumer. The message has been driven by both the victorious marketing strategy of the hospital along with patient and physician word-of-mouth and free publicity by the media when success stories come to pass; the well planned-out marketing of St.Francis’ technological advances in cardiac surgery differentiate it from the competitors. When consumers or patients perceive the difference between this hospital and another tertiary care center, the preference of the consumer is due to the differences in quality, service and status. The same holds true for Schneider Children’s Hospital; their positioning strategy is clear through their mission statement expressed throughout their newsletters and ads, and states that they are dedicated to providing the highest level of care that speak to the special needs of children; from premature babies to adolescents.They also communicate to be a prominent hospital for children across the United States and around the world (Schneider Childrenâ€⠄¢s Hospital, n. d. ). SCH differentiates itself from the rest by being the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children and provides a pediatric emergency department with the only 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout the region. Borna and Chapman noted (1993) consumer perceptions is the common underlying concept of both product differentiation and positioning.The positioning declaration must express how ones organization differs from the competition and this must be filled in the clients mind. The attributes of the above hospitals are viewed as different and unique and are highly valued by the community and its consumers. Their services offer a benefit considerable enough that stands out in the minds of the end user; this uniqueness is characterized by criteria such as quality, a high level of service, convenience, reputation and high technology.References Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics (2009). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. snews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQPEDS/state+NY/metro_area+/name+/sort+/page_number+1/page_size+10 Best Hospitals: Heart and Heart Surgery. (2008). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQCARD/state+/page_number+1/page_size+10/sort+/name+/metro_area+Nassau-Suffolk/zip+/distance+/detail+more Borna, S. , Chapman, J. (1993). Product Differentiation and Positioning: Confused Concepts. American Journal of Business, 8 (1), 51-56. HealthGrades (2009). Patient Safety. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. healthgrades. om/consumer/index. cfm? fuseaction=modmodtype=hospitalsmodact=hospitals_search_resultsprodtype=hospratstate=NYcity=maparea=proc=tabset=psa New York State Department of Health (2004). Adult Cardiac Surgery in New York State [White paper]. Retrieved from New York State Department of Health: http://www. health. state. ny. us/nysdoh Schneider Children’s Hospital (n. d. ). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. schneiderchildrenshospital. org/ St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center (2007). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. stfrancisheartcenter. com/chsli/sfh/live/utility/about. html How to cite Positioning and Differentation, Papers

EDUC60452 Research Methods II Data analysis †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the EDUC60452 Research Methods Data analysis . Answer: Framing the Analysis/Introduction In the present study the researcher has emphasized upon analyzing the ways in which the children in school experience the educational policies particularly the policies around uniform and behavior. This is mainly because; it has been observed that the policies in schools around uniform and behavior makes a significant impact on children in a different manner. Thus, the study aims at exploring the ways in which children policies in school and identifies the reasons for the same. On the basis of the research aim, the research question that has been chosen for the study is: In what ways do policies impact on young people? Analytical methods Taking into consideration the research aim and the research question, the researcher has emphasized upon conducting two focus group interviews. As per the studies conducted by Draper, (2007), focus group interview is a technique that facilitates the researcher in conducting an in-depth group interviews where the participants are selected mainly because they are purposive even though not necessarily representative. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study has conducted a focus group interview with the year 9 and 10 focus group between the age group of 13 15 years of the Kingswood Academy and Year 8 Focus Group between the age group of 12 13 years of the Kingwood Academy. The participants for the interviews was selected on the basis of the criterion that they had something to say on the topic that been undertaken for the study and lie within the age group range that has been fixed by the researcher and are characterized with similar socio-characteristics and are comfortable in putting forward their point of views to the interviewer and each other (Hennink et al., 2010). Another major reason for conducting the focus group interview was to collect relevant information from wide range of individuals who have been selected because of the fact that they have relevant knowledge and understanding of the study area (Taylor et al., 2015). Another major benefit of the chosen methodology was that it helped in achieving group dynamics and so the type and range of data that was generated through the social interaction of the group facilitated with deeper and richer information than that obtained with the help of the face to face interviews. The researcher emphasized upon adopting the qualitative analysis method of thematic analysis for analyzing the findings of the focus group interview with children within the age group of 12 13 and 13 15 years. The advantage of qualitative analysis lies in the systematic nature of analysis in addition to the coding to the analyzed as per the frequency. Both the focus group interviews were read carefully by the researcher and the data was coded in various themes that were deemed appropriate for the available interview data. In order to maintain the transparency in the qualitative research analysis, the researcher emphasized upon adopting set procedures (Service, 2009). The researcher in this context read through each of the responses and the focus group interviews separately without any preconceived ideas of themes. This helped the researcher in ensuring the fact that the conclusions that are reached are valid and trustworthy. Moreover, the researcher treated each of the interview tr anscripts with an open mind that allowed the analysis to be consistent. While carefully reading the each of the transcripts, the researcher noted the key areas of discussion and also highlighted the same to enable cross referencing with the other interview data (Ritchie et al., 2013). The first interview as coded through different colours for highlighting the different ideas and themes and the original coding was then carried through to the other focus group interview transcript and additional themes were also added as required. Moreover while determining the codes, the researcher emphasized upon using the words that were mentioned in the interview. The researcher while reading through the interview data came across themes that appeared naturally to be mutually exclusive and in this context, it has been put forward by Denzin Lincoln, (2011) that it is a desired outcome when analyzing the quantitative data. While taking the decision regarding excluding some data, the researcher emphasized upon focusing upon the research question and thus any data that was felt not relevant to the research question was excluded from the analysis. Thus the coding and themes can be presented as follows: Themes and coding from Focus Group Interview 12- 1 3 years Purpose to come to school Purpose of off-the track learning Quality of teaching Opinions about exams and testing Independence Stereotyping Importance of primary school education Involvement of parents Need for good education Themes and coding from Focus Group Interview 13- 1 5 years in addition to the above themes Engagement of principal with the students Student engagement School uniform Strictness regarding school uniform Behavior problems Equal treatment Difference between girls and boys Report on Findings from the Analysis The researcher in the present study has emphasized upon analyzing the ways in which the children in school experience the educational policies particularly the policies around uniform and behavior band thus has tried to find the answer to the research question: In what ways do policies impact on young people? The analysis has been based upon the thematic map presented below: From the analysis of the responses collected from focus group interview on the basis of the themes as illustrated in the above table taking into consideration the research aim and research question, it is observed that the students of Kingswood face various difficulties due to the policies of the school. As from the responses in context to quality, it is observed that the eagerness and motivation on the part of the students to learn depends upon the fact whether they like the teacher or not and this is evident from the fact where a student responded as: Moreover, it is also observed that the students complain about the fact that the naughty people are given more attention and more rewards in comparison to the students who are good at all times together with putting forward the fact that popular students are given more opportunities . So, from the above aspects it can be said these aspects are de-motivating factor for the students since the policy of the school should be such where the students are treated fairly without any biasness and should be facilitated with equal opportunities to learn. However, the response of the students between the age group of 13 15 years revealed that the quality of teaching at Kingswood is good and the teachers are friendly in nature and they treat the students as young adults and they try to be friendly that makes the learning a good experience. In context to stereotyping, the responses of the students within the age group of 12 13 years revealed that the teachers practice a lot of stereotyping and if a student commits a mistake, he is always blamed for the same. Thus, in this context the policy should be such where the students should be facilitated with opportunities to prove himself or herself as a better rather being stereotype. The group of students between 13 15 years also responded that if they hang out with students who are constantly getting in trouble then the teachers look upon the other who is hanging out with them as the same. So these aspects prevent the students to mix and communicate with the all in an equal manner since it is the teachers who are categorizing the students and not treating them fairly. In context to the school uniform policies, the student within the age group of 13 15 years responded that the school is strict that cause huge expenses on their part and even the uniforms are not comfortable. However some responded that the uniform is emphasized upon for a professional approach and look good. So, in this context, it can be said that the policies should be such where the opinions of the students should be taken while deciding upon the uniform. It is also observed from the responses of both the group of students that the policies of the school is not strict regarding the behavior of the students like at times the students are bullied, racism is also practised, there exist problems of rudeness, attitude lateness and most specifically drug abuse like weed consumption, verbal abuse and arguing and the involvement of school is less in these cases. Thus it can be said that the policies should be formed and actions need to be taken against these aspects to facilitate the students with a good learning environment. In context to equal treatment and difference between boys and girls, the response of the students provide much evidences that these are major problems. The students are not treated equally and even the gender discrimination also exists. So, it is important for the school to formulate policies to develop a learning environment that is free such discriminations. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be said that where school policies are formulated for the betterment of the students, at Kingswood it is observed that the students are facing problems due to school policies and the school is reluctant towards issues like drug abuse, discrimination not only on the part of the students but also on the part of the teachers. References Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (2011).The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Draper AK (2007) The principles and application of qualitative research. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, 641646. Hennink, M., Hutter, I., Bailey, A. (2010).Qualitative research methods. Sage. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Service, R. W. (2009) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Organizational Research Methods,12(3), 614-617. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.